| 1. Round | 06/08/2016 | Rochdale AFC | - | Peterborough United | 2:3 | ||||
| 2. Round | 13/08/2016 | Peterborough United | - | Bradford City | 0:1 | ||||
| 3. Round | 16/08/2016 | Peterborough United | - | Millwall FC | 5:1 | ||||
| 4. Round | 20/08/2016 | Oxford United | - | Peterborough United | 2:1 | ||||
| 5. Round | 27/08/2016 | Milton Keynes Dons | - | Peterborough United | 0:2 | ||||
| 12. Round | 08/10/2016 | Peterborough United | - | Bury FC | 3:1 |  |
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| 13. Round | 15/10/2016 | Fleetwood Town | - | Peterborough United | 2:0 | ||||
| 14. Round | 18/10/2016 | Peterborough United | - | Northampton Town | 3:0 |  |
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| 16. Round | 29/10/2016 | Bristol Rovers | - | Peterborough United | 1:2 | |
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| 17. Round | 13/11/2016 | Peterborough United | - | Bolton Wanderers | 1:0 | |
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| 18. Round | 19/11/2016 | Northampton Town | - | Peterborough United | 0:1 | ||||
| 19. Round | 22/11/2016 | Peterborough United | - | Scunthorpe United | 0:2 | |
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| 21. Round | 10/12/2016 | Peterborough United | - | Chesterfield FC | 5:2 | ||||
| 22. Round | 17/12/2016 | Charlton Athletic | - | Peterborough United | 0:2 | ||||
| 23. Round | 26/12/2016 | Peterborough United | - | Gillingham FC | 1:1 | ||||
| 24. Round | 31/12/2016 | Peterborough United | - | Coventry City | 1:1 |
England